In Chiran, a flying school for young air cadets was founded as early as 1941, and by 1945, when it was clear that Japan was losing the War, the military's two runways were being utilized to undertake suicide attacks against the US navy fighting for Okinawa. There were several kamikaze bases in Taiwan, including Miyakonojo in Miyazaki Prefecture, Bansei in Kagoshima, and Kengun in Kumamoto.
At the Chiran location, a statue of Kannon, the Buddhist Goddess of Mercy, was placed in 1955. A temple was then constructed there in 1974 using donations from all across Japan. Both the original museum and the bronze statue of a kamikaze pilot are from this period. As the popularity and the number of visitors rose, the more substantial, present museum was opened in 1987.